§Comet sockets

§Using chunked responses to create Comet sockets

A useful usage of Chunked responses is to create Comet sockets. A Comet socket is just a chunked text/html response containing only <script> elements. For each chunk, we write a <script> tag containing JavaScript that is immediately executed by the web browser. This way we can send events live to the web browser from the server: for each message, wrap it into a <script> tag that calls a JavaScript callback function, and write it to the chunked response.

Let’s write a first proof-of-concept: create an enumerator generating <script> tags calling the browser console.log function:

Java

public static Result index() {
    // Prepare a chunked text stream
    Chunks<String> chunks = new StringChunks() {

        // Called when the stream is ready
        public void onReady(Chunks.Out<String> out) {
            out.write("<script>console.log('kiki')</script>");
            out.write("<script>console.log('foo')</script>");
            out.write("<script>console.log('bar')</script>");
            out.close();
        }

    };

    response().setContentType("text/html");
    return ok(chunks);
}

Java 8

public static Result index() {
    // Prepare a chunked text stream
    Chunks<String> chunks = StringChunks.whenReady(out -> {
        out.write("<script>console.log('kiki')</script>");
        out.write("<script>console.log('foo')</script>");
        out.write("<script>console.log('bar')</script>");
        out.close();
    });

    response().setContentType("text/html");
    return ok(chunks);
}

If you run this action from a web browser, you will see the three events logged in the browser console.

§Using the play.libs.Comet helper

We provide a Comet helper to handle these comet chunked streams that does almost the same as what we just wrote.

Note: Actually it does more, such as pushing an initial blank buffer data for browser compatibility, and supporting both String and JSON messages.

Let’s just rewrite the previous example to use it:

Java

public static Result index() {
    Comet comet = new Comet("console.log") {
        public void onConnected() {
            sendMessage("kiki");
            sendMessage("foo");
            sendMessage("bar");
            close();
        }
    };

    return ok(comet);
}

Java 8

public static Result index() {
    return ok(Comet.whenConnected("console.log", comet -> {
        comet.sendMessage("kiki");
        comet.sendMessage("foo");
        comet.sendMessage("bar");
        comet.close();
    }));
}

§The forever iframe technique

The standard technique to write a Comet socket is to load an infinite chunked comet response in an iframe and to specify a callback calling the parent frame:

Java

public static Result index() {
    Comet comet = new Comet("parent.cometMessage") {
        public void onConnected() {
            sendMessage("kiki");
            sendMessage("foo");
            sendMessage("bar");
            close();
        }
    };

    return ok(comet);
}

Java 8

public static Result index() {
    return ok(Comet.whenConnected("parent.cometMessage", comet -> {
        comet.sendMessage("kiki");
        comet.sendMessage("foo");
        comet.sendMessage("bar");
        comet.close();
    }));
}

With an HTML page like:

<script type="text/javascript">
  var cometMessage = function(event) {
    console.log('Received event: ' + event)
  }
</script>

<iframe src="/comet"></iframe>

Next: WebSockets

Found an error in this documentation? The source code for this page can be found here. After reading the documentation guidelines, please feel free to contribute a pull request. Have questions or advice to share? Go to our community forums to start a conversation with the community.